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--- freebsd:freebsd [2023/08/29 10:43] – created - external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ freebsd:freebsd [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== FreeBSD Experience ======
-This page is about my experience using [[https://www.freebsd.org/|FreeBSD]].
-//**Note**: Since I have decided to stick with Linux for now, I will be gearing my FreeBSD usage towards GUI-centric experience.//
-//**Update20200428**: I want to get back to FreeBSD (FuryBSD?) after I am done with my current project (may take a while, but I am certain of trying FreeBSD again). Just some notes: (1) try lumina desktop [BSD licensed, written for TrueOS], (2) port all my software to BSD :p, (3) try mingw32-gcc to cross-compile windows program//
-====== FreeBSD Installation ======
-My installation notes...
-//**Note**: When using VirtualBox on a Linux host, make sure the virtual machine is **NOT** using Intel HD Audio! It creates an 'interrupt storm' (irq21 - whatever that is...) and makes the system unusable m(//
-===== Getting FreeBSD =====
-The official way to do this is, of course, to [[https://www.freebsd.org/where.html|get it]] from [[https://www.freebsd.org/|freebsd.org]].
-===== Standard Installation =====
-Latest: Installing FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64 on VirtualBox
-==== Base System ====
-  * fresh install using memstick image file
-  * install kernel and base only
-  * added my main user account to {//wheel//,//operator//} group
-    * for desktop use, all users need to be in //video// or //wheel//
-    * so normal users should be in //video// group
-    * normal users should also be in //operator// group to be able to shutdown from mate desktop
-  * enable sshd, enable ntpdate(on-boot), disable sendmail
-==== Desktop (GUI) ====
-  * use binary package management tool ''pkg''
-    * by default, even that is not installed... ^_^
-  * install x server <code>pkg install -y xorg</code>
-  * install desktop environment <code>pkg install -y gnome3</code>
-  * enable stuffs in ''/etc/rc.conf'':<code>
-  hald_enable="YES"
-  dbus_enable="YES"
-  gdm_enable="YES"
-  gnome_enable="YES"</code>
-  * desktop environment requires procfs - insert into ''/etc/fstab'':<code>
-  proc          /proc       procfs  rw  0  0</code>
-  * enable sound in ''/boot/loader.conf'':<code>
-  snd_driver_load="YES"</code>
-  * enable switching virtual consoles during X session, edit ''/boot/loader.conf'':<code>kern.vty=vt</code>
-  * reduce auto-boot delay, edit ''/boot/loader.conf'':<code>autoboot_delay="3"</code>
-  * **VBOX** install virtualbox additions <code>pkg install -y virtualbox-ose-additions</code>
-  * **VBOX** enable virtualbox start script, edit ''/etc/rc.conf'':<code>
-  vboxguest_enable="YES"
-  vboxservice_enable="YES"</code>
-  * **VBOX** disable host time synchronization, edit ''/etc/rc.conf'':<code>
-  vboxservice_flags="--disable-timesync"</code>
-==== Utility ====
-  - install useful stuffs
-    * avahi & multicast dns <code>pkg install -y avahi-app nss_mdns</code>
-    * enable avahi daemon in ''/etc/rc.conf'':<code>
-  avahi_daemon_enable="YES"</code>
-    * modify the ''hosts:'' line in ''/etc/nsswitch.conf'':<code>
-  hosts: files dns mdns</code>
-    * network manager <code>pkg install -y networkmgr</code>
-    * configure doas - create ''/usr/local/etc/doas.conf'':<code>
-  permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd netcardmgr
-  permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd detect-nics
-  permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd detect-wifi
-  permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd ifconfig
-  permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd service
-  permit nopass keepenv :wheel cmd wpa_supplicant</code>
-==== Application ====
-  * development <code>pkg install -y git geany</code>
-  * console multitasking <code>pkg install -y screen</code>
-  * office & browser <code>pkg install -y libreoffice firefox</code>
-==== User Account ====
-  * by default root shell is csh and user is sh - edit .shrc to get prettier prompt<code>
-  PS1="`whoami`@\H:\w\$ "</code>
-  * (IF using slim) to enable x environment after slim login, create ''~/.xinitrc'' for each user:<code>
-  exec /usr/local/bin/mate-session</code>
-===== Custom Installation =====
-==== Network Configuration ====
-//**Note** DHCP client is dhclient - simply run ''dhclient <interface>'' when booting to console and using something like USB tethering.//
-Configure (wireless) network interface (in case was not done during installation)
-  * FreeBSD has network interface name - based on the driver name (e.g. sis, re)
-    * to find this, use ''pciconf -lv''
-  * for normal wired connection (e.g. re0), add to '/etc/rc.conf' <code>ifconfig_re0="DHCP"</code>
-  * for a wireless connection (e.g. ath0), add in <code>wlan_ath0="wlan0"
-  ifconfig_wlan0="DHCP"</code>
-  * for a secured wireless connection (e.g. WPA protected), add in <code>wlan_ath0="wlan0"
-  ifconfig_wlan0="WPA SYNCDHCP"</code> also, append '/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf' <code>
-  network={
-      ssid="the_ssid"
-      psk="the_psk"
-  }</code>
-  * not sure why but ''wlan0'' was not auto-created?
-    * from official handbook, do ''ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0''
-    * to start up and scan, do ''ifconfig wlan0 up scan''
-    * or just scan, do ''ifconfig wlan0 list scan''
-==== Graphics ====
-Driver for ASUS E5450 Graphics Card (based on Radeon 5450?)
-  * install driver <code>pkg install -y xf86-video-ati</code>
-  * to load on startup, edit ''/etc/rc.conf'':<code>kld_list="radeonkms"</code>
-For Intel Graphics (Asus H81M-K Motherboard)
-  * install driver <code>pkg install -y xf86-video-intel</code>
-  * to load on startup, edit ''/etc/rc.conf'':<code>kld_list="i915kms"</code>
-  * install something? (for kernel?) <code>pkg install -y drm-kmod</code>
-    * some older ones require ''drm-fake-kmod'' instead
-==== Server ====
-Web Server (Apache)
-  * find apache package(s) <code>pkg search apache2 | grep -e "^apache2"</code>
-  * install apache package(s) <code>pkg install -y php56 mod_php56 php56-mbstring php56-mcrypt php56-zlib php56-curl php56-gd php56-json</code>
-  * to load on startup, edit ''/etc/rc.conf'':<code>apache24_enable="YES"</code>
-  * default document path is ''/usr/local/www/apache24/data/''
-Server Script (PHP)
-  * find php package(s) <code>pkg search php5 | grep -e "^php5"</code>
-  * install php package(s) <code>pkg install -y apache24</code>
-  * configure ''/usr/local/etc/apache24/Includes/php.conf'':<code>
-  <IfModule dir_module>
-    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
-    <FilesMatch "\.php$">
-      SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
-    </FilesMatch>
-    <FilesMatch "\.phps$">
-      SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
-    </FilesMatch>
-  </IfModule></code>
-  * copy template configuration file ''//# cp /usr/local/etc/php.ini-production /usr/local/etc/php.ini//''
-Database (mysql/mariadb)
-  * install package(s) <code>pkg install mariadb103-server mariadb103-client php56-mysqli</code>
-  * to load on startup, edit ''/etc/rc.conf'':<code>mysql_enable="YES"</code>
-  * by default, it listens to remote request at port 3306. to check:<code>
-# lsof -i4 -i6
-# sockstat -4 -6</code>
-  * to allow local access only, edit ''/etc/rc.conf'':<code>mysql_args="--bind-address=127.0.0.1"</code>
-  * now, to make sure all is okay:<code>
-# lsof -i4 -i6 | grep mysql
-# netstat -an | grep 3306
-# sockstat -4 -6 | grep 3306</code>
-===== Offline Installation =====
-//**Note**: Need to test this... :-P//
-  * Get the desired packages on a FreeBSD machine with internet connection<code>
-  # mkdir /root/offline
-  # pkg fetch -d -o /root/offline xorg mate slim firefox</code>
-    * ''-d'' for dependencies
-    * ''-o'' specifies destination path for the fetched packages
-  * Copy those files to a portable USB drive
-  * On the target machine, copy everything to /var/cache/pkg
-  * Then, do a <code>  # pkg -U install xorg mate slim firefox git geany networkmgr</code>
-    * ''-U'' is the short form for ''--no-repo-update''
-===== USB Thumb-Drive Installation =====
-I want to try to install to a USB thumb-drive... from my FreeBSD virtual machine (VirtualBox). I have a 16GB USB3 Kingston Data Traveller drive, and already installed FreeBSD 12 on a virtual machine.
-To prepare the drive layout, checkout [[freebsd:create_usbdisk_layout|here]]. I'm going to prepare for UEFI boot on a GPT formatted disk.
-- plug in usb drive
-  * find device name (i.e. /dev/???)
-  * usually da0 is the first usb drive?
-- refer to [[https://gist.github.com/johnko/fa763b97f0a4671a3c60|this]]...
-//to be continued...//
-===== Dual-Boot on UEFI Systems =====
-Find ''boot1.efi'' as place it in EFI System Partition. It will look for first partition with type freebsd-ufs  (which can even be on another disk) and load ''loader.efi''.
-====== FreeBSD Maintenance ======
-Maintaining the system...
-===== System Upgrade/Update =====
-For example, upgrading 10.1-RELEASE to 10.2-RELEASE<code>freebsd-update -r 10.2-RELEASE upgrade</code>
-Then run <code>freebsd-update install</code>
-To update within a release, do a <code>freebsd-update fetch</code> before running 'install'.
-**Hint** hit 'q' when prompted
-===== Package Upgrade/Update =====
-Install package <code>pkg install <pkg_name> [...]</code>//Note: include '-y' to override prompts//
-Delete package <code>pkg delete <pkg_name> [...]</code>
-Update catalogue <code>pkg update</code>
-Upgrade software <code>pkg upgrade</code>
-List installed packages <code>pkg info</code>
-Remove all packages and start over <code>pkg delete --all --force</code>
-Clean all package cache <code>pkg clean</code>
-Remove orphaned package(s)? <code>pkg autoremove</code>
-If pkg installation quits due to size mismatch or something, <code>
-pkg clean
-rm -rf /var/cache/pkg/*
-pkg update -f</code>
-===== Using ports system =====
-Will most probably need these at some point...
-To get it, <code>portsnap fetch extract</code>
-To update, <code>portsnap fetch update</code>
-To manage, use ''[[freebsd#using_portmaster|portmaster]]''
-===== Using portmaster =====
-To build portmaster, <code>cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster/ && make install clean</code>
-To setup portmaster, <code>
-# cp /usr/local/etc/portmaster.rc.sample /usr/local/etc/portmaster.rc
-# ee /usr/local/etc/portmaster.rc</code>
-To update all ports <code>portmaster -a</code>
-To search updates <code>portmaster -L | grep "New version available:"</code>
-To cleanup <code>portmaster --clean-distfiles{-all}</code>
-To remove port <code>portmaster -e target_port</code>
-To rebuild port <code>portmaster -r target_port</code>
-Dumping ground - from portmaster man page...
-<code>
-     Build a port locally but use packages for build dependencies, then	delete
-     the build dependencies when finished:
-	   portmaster --packages-build --delete-build-only fooport-1.23
-     Update a system using only	packages that are available locally:
-	   portmaster -PP --local-packagedir=<path> -a
-     Update all	ports that need	updating:
-	   portmaster -a
-     Update all	ports that need	updating, and delete stale distfiles after the
-     update is done:
-. portmaster -aD
-. portmaster --clean-distfiles
-</code>
-===== Minor Tweaks =====
-  - 'git log' output does not show colorized output
-    * can see the escape sequence
-    * so, as user, type <code>git config --global core.pager "ls -r"</code>
-====== Useful Stuffs ======
-===== Creating Disk Layout for Bootable USB =====
-{{page>freebsd:create_usbdisk_layout&noheader}}
-===== Label for Partitions/Slices =====
-This is nice to have in /etc/fstab when device assignment may change (e.g. usb drive on different machine may be assigned differently)
-For ufs,<code># tunefs -L <label> /dev/da0p?</code>
-To check if assigned,<code># ls /dev/ufs</code>
-For swap,<code># glabel label <label> /dev/da0p?</code>
-To check if assigned,<code># ls /dev/label</code>
-Then, /etc/fstab entry can be like,<code>
-/dev/label/<label>	none	swap	sw	0	0
-/dev/ufs/<label>	/		ufs		rw	1	1
-</code>
-===== Disk Utility ''gpart'' =====
-Show partition
-<code># gpart show</code>
-Resize partition
-<code># gpart resize -i 3 da0</code>
-Not really gpart stuff, but don't forget to grow FS to fit new size
-<code># growfs /dev/da0p3</code>
-===== Access to Linux ExtFS =====
-At the moment, full R/W access for Ext2, Journal-less for Ext3 and R/O for Ext4.
-<code>
-# kldload ext2fs
-# mount -t ext2fs /dev/<slice> <mount-path>
-</code>
-===== Install on SSD =====
-//**Note:** Generally, it seems that this is no longer an issue - some just did a normal install and have no problems at all. But, I want to put this here anyways.//
-Creating partitions (from: https://www.wonkity.com/~wblock/docs/html/ssd.html)
-<code>
-# gpart create -s gpt ada0
-# gpart add -t freebsd-boot -s 1m -a 4k -l ssdboot ada0
-# gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptboot -i1 ada0
-# gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -l ssdroot -b 1m -s 4g ada0
-# gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -l ssdvarfs -a 1m -s 2g ada0
-# gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -l ssdusrfs -a 1m ada0
-# newfs -U -t /dev/gpt/ssdrootfs
-# newfs -U -t /dev/gpt/ssdvarfs
-# newfs -U -t /dev/gpt/ssdusrfs
-</code>
-create fstab (save as /tmp/bsdinstall_etc/fstab)
-<code>
-# Device	Mountpoint	FStype	Options	Dump	Pass#
-/dev/gpt/ssdroot	/	ufs	rw	1	1
-/dev/gpt/ssdvarfs	/var	ufs	rw	2	2
-/dev/gpt/ssdusrfs	/usr	ufs	rw	2	2
-tmpfs	/tmp	tmpfs	rw,mode=01777	0	0
-</code>
-====== FreeBSD on RasPi400 ======
-  * got FreeBSD13 arm64 aarch64 image
-  * write to microsd card
-  * boot issue
-    * ok if boot from usb (note: starting pi4, usb boot is possible!)
-    * need to update u-boot binary (look for that in forum)
-  * console display is not ok when using on tv (high res?)
-    * edit config.txt and comment out hdmi_safe=1
-going for dwm
-  * pkg install libX11 libXft libXinerama
-  * pkg install git
-//work in progress...//