====== NMK32203 - Microcontroller ======

//**Note20241017** This page is being updated - work in progress...//

This course is //Microcontroller//, offered by the Faculty of Electronics Engineering & Technology.

===== Announcements =====

[20241017] Updating this for 202425s1 Academic Session.

===== Lecture Slides =====

  * Lecture 1 - {{:archive:nmk322:lecture01_overview.pdf|Overview}}
  * Lecture 2 - {{:archive:nmk322:lecture02_arch8051.pdf|Architecture}}
  * Lecture 3 - {{:archive:nmk322:lecture03_c8051.pdf|C for 8051}}
  * Lecture 4 - {{:archive:nmk322:lecture04_gpio.pdf|8051 I/O}}
  * Lecture 5 - {{:archive:nmk322:lecture05_timer.pdf|8051 Timer}}
  * Lecture 6 - {{:archive:nmk322:lecture06_serial.pdf|8051 Serial Interface}}
  * Lecture 7 - {{:archive:nmk322:lecture07_interrupt.pdf|8051 Interrupt}}
  * Lecture 8 - {{:archive:nmk322:lecture08_system.pdf|8051 System Management}}

===== Library Codes =====

Introduction to using 'library' code. Single header include file(s) meant for single source compilation. These are meant to be compiled using Keil 8051 compiler.

I recommend to use my include file (mcu51.h) rather than the regular (reg51.h) because it would be easier for you to use my example codes and library. I wrote and tested them using my own syntax that can be used on both Keil and SDCC compilers. Simply extract this {{:archive:nmk322:my1code51inc-20241210.zip|zip file}} and setup the include path. Ask me during lab session if you do not know how to do that.

==== Library: Serial (UART) ====

<file c uart.h>
#ifndef __MY1UART_H__
#define __MY1UART_H__

/* note: this is NOT compatible with keil's printf */
void uart_init(void) {
	SCON = 0x50;
	TMOD &= 0x0F;
	TMOD |= 0x20;
	TH1 = 253;
	TR1 = 1;
}

void uart_send(unsigned char sdat) {
	SBUF = sdat;
	while (TI==0);
	TI = 0;
}

unsigned char uart_read(void) {
	unsigned char rdat;
	while (RI==0);
	rdat = SBUF;
	RI = 0;
	return rdat;
}

void uart_puts(char* text) {
	while (*text) {
		uart_send(*text);
		text++;
	}
}

#endif /* __MY1UART_H__ */
</file>

==== Library: Text LCD ====

<file c tlcd.h>
#ifndef __MY1TLCD_H__
#define __MY1TLCD_H__

#define LCD_DATA P2
sbit LCD_RS = P0^7;
sbit LCD_RW = P0^6;
sbit LCD_EN = P0^5;

void tlcd_delay(unsigned char step) {
	unsigned int loop;
	do {
		loop = 1000; while (--loop);
	} while (--step);
}

void tlcd_write(unsigned char cdat) {
	LCD_RS = 1;
	LCD_RW = 0;
	LCD_DATA = cdat;
	LCD_EN = 1;
	LCD_EN = 0;
	tlcd_delay(1);
}

void tlcd_cmd(unsigned char ccmd) {
	LCD_RS = 0;
	LCD_RW = 0;
	LCD_DATA = ccmd;
	LCD_EN = 1;
	LCD_EN = 0;
	tlcd_delay(2);
}

void tlcd_init(void) {
	tlcd_cmd(0x38); /* 8 bit mode, 1/16 duty, 5x8 font */
	tlcd_cmd(0x38);
	tlcd_cmd(0x38);
	tlcd_cmd(0x06); /* display off */
	tlcd_cmd(0x0c); /* display on, blink cursor on */
	tlcd_cmd(0x01); /* clear display */
}

void tlcd_puts(char* text) {
	while (*text) {
		tlcd_write(*text);
		text++;
	}
}

#endif /* __MY1TLCD_H__ */
</file>

==== Library: Timer ====

<file c timer.h>
#ifndef __MY1TIMER_H__
#define __MY1TIMER_H__

// useful macro!
#define timer0_init() { TMOD &= 0xF0; TMOD |= 0x01; }
#define timer0_prep(hi,lo) { TH0 = hi; TL0 = lo; }
#define timer0_stop() { TR0 = 0; TF0 = 0; }
#define timer0_exec() { TR0 = 1; }
#define timer0_flag() { timer0_exec(); while (!TF0); }
#define timer0_wait(hi,lo) { timer0_prep(hi,lo); timer0_flag(); timer0_stop(); }
#define timer0_null() { TH0 = 0; TL0 = 0; }
#define timer0_read() ((unsigned int)TH0<<8)|TL0

void timer0_delayms(unsigned int step) {
	do {
		timer0_wait(0xfc,0x66); // 1 ms delay
	} while (--step);
}

#endif /* __MY1TIMER_H__ */
</file>

==== Library: Utilities (str-int conversions) ====

<file c utils.h>
#ifndef __MY1UTILS_H__
#define __MY1UTILS_H__

unsigned char uint8_2cstr(char* cstr, unsigned char that) {
	unsigned char size, temp;
	size = 0;
	temp = that/100;
	if (temp) {
		that %= 100;
		cstr[size++] = temp + 0x30;
	}
	temp = that/10;
	if (temp) {
		that %= 10;
		cstr[size++] = temp + 0x30;
	} else if (size)
		cstr[size++] = 0x30;
	cstr[size++] = that + 0x30;
	cstr[size] = 0x0;
	return size;
}

unsigned char int8_2cstr(char* cstr, signed char that) {
	if (that<0) {
		that = -that;
		*cstr = '-';
		cstr++;
	}
	return uint8_2cstr(cstr,(unsigned char)that);
}

unsigned char uint16_2cstr(char* cstr, unsigned int that) {
	unsigned char size, temp;
	unsigned int idiv;
	size = 0; idiv = 10000;
	while (idiv>=10) {
		temp = (unsigned char)(that/idiv);
		if (temp) {
			that %= idiv;
			cstr[size++] = temp + 0x30;
		} else if (size)
			cstr[size++] = 0x30;
		idiv /= 10;
	}
	cstr[size++] = that + 0x30;
	cstr[size] = 0x0;
	return size;
}

unsigned char int16_2cstr(char* cstr, int that) {
	if (that<0) {
		that = -that;
		*cstr = '-';
		cstr++;
	}
	return uint16_2cstr(cstr,(unsigned int)that);
}

unsigned char cstr_2uint8(char* pstr, unsigned char* pval) {
	unsigned char loop;
	*pval = 0; loop = 0;
	while (pstr[loop]) {
		if (pstr[loop]<0x30||pstr[loop]>0x39) {
			loop = 0;
			break;
		}
		*pval = (*pval*10) + (pstr[loop]-0x30);
		loop++;
	}
	return loop;
}

unsigned char cstr_2uint16(char* pstr, unsigned int* pval) {
	unsigned char loop;
	*pval = 0; loop = 0;
	while (pstr[loop]) {
		if (pstr[loop]<0x30||pstr[loop]>0x39) {
			loop = 0;
			break;
		}
		*pval = (*pval*10) + (pstr[loop]-0x30);
		loop++;
	}
	return loop;
}

unsigned char cstr_2int16(char* pstr, int* pval) {
	unsigned char loop, skip;
	skip = (pstr[0]=='-') ? 1 : 0;
	loop = cstr_2uint16(&pstr[skip],(unsigned int*)pval);
	if (skip) *pval = -(*pval);
	return loop;
}

#endif /** __MY1UTILS_H__ */
</file>

==== Library: Keypad ====

<file c kpad.h>
#ifndef __MY1KPAD_H__
#define __MY1KPAD_H__

/* 4x4 keypad interface {R0,R1,R2,R3,C0,C1,C2,C3} */
/* 4x3 keypad interface {C1,R0,C0,R3,C2,R2,R1} */

/** DefaultPins: C0-C3 => P1.4-P1.7, R0-R3 => P1.0-P1.3 */
#ifndef KEY_DATA
#define KEY_DATA P1
#endif
#ifndef _ROWS_AT_UPPER_
#define ROWS_FLAG 0x01
#define COLS_FLAG 0x10
#else
#define ROWS_FLAG 0x10
#define COLS_FLAG 0x01
#endif

/** no-key indicator for keypad */
#define KEY_NOT_CODE 0x10

unsigned char key_scan(void) {
	/** scan for key press */
	unsigned char irow, icol, mask, test;
	mask = ROWS_FLAG;
	for (irow=0;irow<4;irow++) {
		KEY_DATA = ~mask; test = COLS_FLAG;
		for (icol=0;icol<4;icol++) {
			if ((KEY_DATA&test)==0) {
				while ((KEY_DATA&test)==0);
				if (icol==3) return irow+0x0A;
				if (irow==0) return icol+1;
				if (irow==1) return icol+4;
				if (irow==2) return icol+7;
				if (icol==1) return 0;
				return (icol>>1)+0x0e;
			}
			test <<= 1;
		}
		mask <<= 1;
	}
	return KEY_NOT_CODE;
}

unsigned char key_wait(void) {
	/** wait for key press */
	unsigned char scan;
	while ((scan=key_scan())==KEY_NOT_CODE);
	return scan;
}
</file>