====== Devuan Installation ======

My Devuan installation notes.

===== Latest Devuan Installation =====

**202204100749**

Using Devuan Chimaera DVD ISO (dd onto USB) -> UEFI boot!

**Note:** If using netinstall or CD1 some firmware may not be available - which is a problem if using WiFi module.

The ''must-have''s for MY Devuan installation:

  * install ''build-essential'' (development tools)
  * install ''linux-headers-amd64'' (to compile kernel modules)
  * install ''geany'', ''git'', ''gitk'' (coding stuffs)
  * install ''libnss-mdns'' & ''avahi-daemon'' (system management) **INSTALLED BY DEFAULT**
  * install ''curl'' (some of my scripts needs that...)

The stuffs I currently need:

  * install ''cryptsetup'' (encrypted partitions)
  * install ''xfig'' (i need xfig2dev)

**Note**: these are required to compile Linux kernel: //libncurses5-dev build-essential libssl-dev libelf-dev git bison flex// (need to check if these are already installed by the above selection, e.g. build-essential and git are covered)

//work in progress...?//

===== Last XFCE Installation =====

  * using default xfce desktop
    * this is my primary choice, but I have installed cinnamon on other machines
  * replace wicd with network-manager
    * ''# apt install //network-manager network-manager-gnome//''
    * ''//network-manager-gnome//'' provides ''nm-applet'' (not needed if using ''nmcli'')
    * ''# apt purge //wicd wicd-gtk//''
    * ''# apt autoremove''

===== Minimal Desktop Installation =====

I want a basic installation with dwm.

  * install base (use netinstall iso... or, maybe use debootstrap?)
  * install my usual stuffs <code># apt install build-essential linux-headers-amd64 vim git curl</code>
  * install xorg stuffs <code># apt install xorg libx11-dev libxft-dev libxinerama-dev</code>
  * install suckless stuffs <code># apt install stterm suckless-tools</code>
  * install ''dwm'' from source
    * use my1ubuild script
  * looks good, but i need acpi stuffs <code># apt install acpid</code>
    * for laptop, maybe add ''acpi-support''
    * if need command-line utility, add ''acpi''

//work in progress...//

===== Devuan upgrade (chimaera to daedalus) =====

Personal note - basically from devuan.org.

<file text devuan_upgrade.txt>
upgrade chimaera to daedalus (from devuan.org)

- update/upgrade chimaera
# apt update
# apt upgrade

- update apt sources.list
# sed -i 's/chimaera/daedalus/g'  /etc/apt/sources.list

- update pkg list from daedalus
# apt update

- kill screensaver (if running)
# killall xscreensaver

- upgrade/dist-upgrade
# apt upgrade
# apt dist-upgrade

- in case of failures, fix and rerun
# apt -f install
# apt dist-upgrade

- cleanup
# apt autoremove --purge
# apt autoclean

deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus main non-free-firmware non-free contrib
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-security main non-free-firmware non-free contrib
deb http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-updates main non-free-firmware non-free contrib

#deb-src http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus main 
#deb-src http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-security main
#deb-src http://deb.devuan.org/merged daedalus-updates main
</file>

===== Install Using debootstrap =====

  * boot using my1live-devuan
  * need to install gisk debootstrap
    * optionally, install lvm2
  * run <code># apt install gisk debootstrap lvm2</code>

  * prepare disk (/dev/sda) layout
    * 1 uefi partition (ef00)
    * 1 root partition (8300)
    * 1 home partition (8e00/8300)
    * 1 swap partition (8200)
  * run <code># gdisk /dev/sda</code>

  * format/mount root partition <code>
# mkfs.ext4 -L MY1BOOT /dev/sda2
# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/disk</code>

  * run debootstrap <code>
# debootstrap chimaera /mnt/disk http://deb.devuan.org/merged/</code>

  * while debootstrap runs, format other partitions<code>
# mkdosfs -n MY1UEFI /dev/sda1
# mkfs.ext4 -L MY1BOOT /dev/sda2
# mkswap -L MY1SWAP /dev/sda4</code>
  * will use lvm in this example <code>
# pvcreate /dev/sda3
# vgcreate homevg /dev/sda3
# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -n home0 homevg
# mkfs.ext4 -L MY1HOME /dev/homevg/home0</code>

  * mount efi/home partitions<code>
# mkdir -p /mnt/disk/boot/efi
# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/disk/boot/efi
# mount /dev/homevg/home0 /mnt/disk/home</code>

  * chroot and install/setup<code>
# chroot /mnt/disk
# apt update
# apt install linux-image-amd64 build-essential linux-headers-amd64 vim git lvm2
# apt install firmware-linux firmware-iwlwifi firmware-atheros firmware-realtek
# apt install cinnamon-desktop-environment</code>
  * update initramfs (add lvm support)<code>
# update-initramfs -u -k all</code>
  * i prefer all-lowercase path names<code>
# vi /etc/xdg/user-dirs.defaults</code>
  * setup locale<code>
# apt install locales
# echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 >>/etc/locale.gen"
# locale-gen</code>
  * setup grub<code>
# apt install grub-efi-amd64
# grub-install /dev/sda
# update-grub</code>
  * run efibootmgr to make sure<code># efibootmgr</code>
  * edit fstab<code># vi /etc/fstab</code>
  * setup root password<code># passwd</code>
  * change hostname<code># vi /etc/hostname</code>
  * reboot

//**Note:** I got to Cinnamon Desktop and everything looks ok - BUT, I simply cannot run gnome-terminal! Well, I can if i run ''dbus-update-activation-environment'' first. So, I missed something coz when I reinstalled using the full dvd, everything works fine.//

//work in progress...//
====== Devuan Setups ======

These depends on my need when using that particular machine.

  * using virtualbox from oracle (just like my slackware setup)
  * using texlive ([[linux:app_texlive|install using tlmgr]])
    * alternatively, install texlive texlive-latex-extra texlive-science
  * install freecad kicad openscad (project stuffs)
  * install ntp ntpdate (system management)

===== Development =====

  * getting //OpenGL// stuffs (glut): ''# apt install //freeglut3-dev//''
  * getting //sqlite// stuffs: ''//# apt install// sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev''
  * getting glade (will also get gtk library): ''//# apt install glade//''
  * getting //wxwidgets// stuffs: ''//# apt install// lib-wxgtk3.0dev''
  * getting //my1imgpro// stuffs: ''//# apt install libavcodec-dev libavdevice-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev//''
  * to compile //sdcc//: ''//# apt install// bison flex libboost-dev texinfo''

//note: [[notes:cross_compiler#mingw_cross_compiler_on_devuan|Setting up mingw-w64 cross-compiler]]//

===== Web Server =====

  * Install webserver
    * ''# apt install //apache2//''
    * default path for web is ''/var/www/html''
    * edit ''/etc/apache2/apache2.conf'' 
      * add //ServerName// (remove annoying startup message!)
      * my //my1apisrv// code need these for //www// dir config<code>
	Options FollowSymLinks
	AllowOverride All
	Require all granted</code>
  * Install php
    * ''# apt install //php php-cgi libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-sqlite3//''
    * edit ''/etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini'' to enable pdo support
  * Create required links in mods-enabled and conf-enabled
    * my my1apisrv code need ''rewrite''
    * both folders are in ''/etc/apache2''
  * Install database
    * ''# apt install //mariadb-server//''
  * If running dokuwiki
    * ''# apt install //php-xml//''
  * My API client php code needs this
    * ''# apt install //php-curl//''

===== Multi-Arch (a.k.a. Multi-Lib) =====

To run 32-bit binary:
  * Enable multi-arch: ''# dpkg --add-architecture i386''
  * Update package list: ''# apt update''
  * Most probably need libc: ''# apt install //libc6:i386//''
  * Install required libraries: (<package>:i386)

To build 32-bit binary:
  * Install compiler(s): ''# apt install //gcc-multilib g++-multilib//''
    * Notice that these are 64-bit packages (no :i386 suffix) -> cross compilers!
  * Use ''-m32'' gcc option to compile!

===== Gaming =====

To play steam games:
  * enable multi-arch
  * install steam: ''# apt install //steam//'' (binary in ''/usr/games/steam'')

===== NFS setup =====

Dumping this as it is for now:
  * client
    * install <code># apt install nfs-common</code>
    * mount <code># mount -t nfs <host>:/path <mount-point></code>
  * server
    * install <code># apt install nfs-kernel-server</code>
    * [optional] <code># mount --bind /path/to/share /mount/point</code>
    * edit ''/etc/exports''
    * start <code>service nfs-kernel-server start</code>

===== Others =====

My iso2boot script need //isohybrid// from syslinux/isolinux project:
  * ''# apt install //syslinux-utils//''

====== Use Tips ======

Some are applicable to any APT-based distro.

//**Note for APT-based distro:** To remove translations, create file ''/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99translation'' and insert ''Acquire::Languages { "none"; };''.//

//**Note:** look into ''unattended-upgrades'' (simply ''apt install'' and run ''dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low unattended-upgrades''???)//

===== List Installed Packages =====

Using ''apt'' tool: <code>apt list --installed 2>/dev/null | grep installed</code> Note that apt will issue a warning when piping its output in shell. Hence, the need to redirect ''stderr'' to ''/dev/null''. We can further grep away the packages that were automatically installed.

Using the basic ''dpkg'' tool: <code>dpkg --get-selections | sed -n 's/^\([^\t]*\)\t.*$/\1/ p'</code> This version, however, only provides package name. To extract similar output from ''apt'' (assuming output was redirected into a file called ''temp.txt''), run <code>cat temp.txt | sed -n 's|^\(.*\)/.*$|\1| p'</code>

===== Adding More Repo =====

Get proper signature key from that source (''*.asc'' file) and add to system using ''apt-key''.
<code># cat <key-file.asc> | apt-key add - </code>

Create a listing file for source URL in ''/etc/apt/sources.list.d/''.
<code># echo "deb [arch=?] <new-repo-url> <version> main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/new-repo.list</code>

After doing an ''apt update'', should be able to ''apt install <pkg>''...

===== Reconfigure Package =====

Basically, run a ''dpkg-reconfigure <pkg>''

e.g. To change timezone <code># dpkg-reconfigure tzdata</code>

===== Upgrading APT-based systems =====

To do an upgrade:

  * Modify ''/etc/apt/sources.list'' and replace the release codenames <code># sed -i 's/old_release/new_release/g' /etc/apt/sources.list</code>
    * skip ''-i'' option for a dry-run
  * Update package list <code># apt update</code>
  * Upgrade distribution <code># apt dist-upgrade</code>
  * To make sure EVERYTHING is upgraded (avoids old packages held back)
    * <code># apt full-upgrade</code>
  * Do house cleaning <code>
# apt autoremove
# apt clean</code>

That should do it!

===== Search package for specific binary =====

  * There is a  specific tool for that <code># apt install apt-file</code>
  * Update the package/file mapping database <code># apt-file update</code>
  * Search for "top" <code># apt-file search --regexp '/top$'</code>

===== Avoiding marking package as manually installed  =====

  * Use dry-run (simulation) option ''-s'' <code># apt install -s <pg1> ... <pkgN> 2>/dev/null|grep manually</code>
  * Removed the package(s) displayed from your install list and re-run without ''-s''

===== GRUB Stuffs =====

To prevent GRUB from looking for other OS every time it is updated:
  * edit ''/etc/default/grub'' and insert <code>GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true</code>
  * run update-grub

To add a custom entry:
  * add a menuentry in ''/etc/grub.d/40_custom''
  * uses the same menuentry format as in ''/boot/grub/grub.cfg''
    * e.g. to boot my Slackware partition I can insert <code grub>
menuentry 'Slackware' --class slackware --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'my1part-<uuid>' {
	insmod part_gpt
	insmod ext2
	set root='hd0,gpt4'
	if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  <uuid>
	else
	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4d95a526-2518-4fd6-a904-f7bd2729145d
	fi
	linux /boot/vmlinuz-huge-4.4.240 root=/dev/sda4
}
</code>
    * use ''initrd'' (after ''linux'' line) to specify an initrd/initramfs
    * of course, <uuid> should be a valid filesystem uuid 
  * run update-grub

===== KVM Stuffs =====

If KVM group is missing, simply create one...
<code># [ -z "$(cat /etc/group|grep kvm)" ] && addgroup --gid 125 kvm</code>

====== Issues ======

Issues... and maybe fixes (if any).

===== Image Magick's convert error =====

I found an error when using image magick's convert to create EPS from fig that provides this message: <code>convert-im6.q16: attempt to perform an operation not allowed by the security policy `EPS' @error/constitute.c/IsCoderAuthorized/421</code>

Solution:
  * (as root) edit ''/etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml''
  * modify following line (change none -> read|write) <code xml><policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="EPS" /></code>

===== GRUB Prompt =====

In some cases, after an installation  is complete, the system boots to a GRUB prompt. The issue may be caused by a different disk assignment during installation. Things is not so bad since GRUB prompt is very shell-like (e.g. double-tab for completion):

To list available disks: <code>> ls </code>

To list content of first partition on the first disk (/dev/sda1) that is using GPT: <code>> ls (hd0,gpt1) </code>

So, to boot an installation on second partition instead: <code>
> linux (hd0,gpt2)/boot/vmlinuz<...>
> initrd (hd0,gpt2)/boot/initrd.img<...>
> boot
</code>

===== BCM Wireless =====

Device: 
<code>
# lspci -nn | grep BCM
02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Limited BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)
</code>

Install: broadcom-sta-dkms, firmware-linux, firmware-b43-installer (b43-fwcutter)

*note*: only solves the Wireless Driver part... NOT the bluetooth hardware!

<code>
# lsusb | grep BCM
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0a5c:216d Broadcom Corp. BCM43142A0 Bluetooth 4.0
# dmesg | grep blue
[    8.850007] bluetooth hci0: firmware: failed to load brcm/BCM43142A0-0a5c-216d.hcd (-2)
[    8.850197] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for brcm/BCM43142A0-0a5c-216d.hcd failed with error -2
</code>

So, download ''BCM43142A0-0a5c-21d6.hcd'' in [[https://github.com/winterheart/broadcom-bt-firmware/tree/master/brcm|here]] and place it ''/lib/firmware/brcm/'' (create that path if it does not exist).

===== XFCE Desktop =====

  * tapping on my laptop touchpad is NOT working
    * moving around & button clicks are working
    * need to create file ''/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/90-touchpad.conf''<file text 90-touchpad.conf>Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "libinput touchpad catchall"
        MatchIsTouchpad "on"
        MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
        Driver "libinput"
        Option "Tapping" "on"
EndSection
</file>
  * lid event does not trigger suspend (but manual suspend works)
    * this is a systemd-related aftermath: xfce power manager allows/assumes login to handle lid
    * fix: <code>$ xfconf-query -c xfce4-power-manager -p /xfce4-power-manager/logind-handle-lid-switch -s false</code>

  * issues when logging out/shutdown
    * may be caused by intel graphics library? i915?
    * can install lightdm - but shutdown/restart always gets login page (=logout)
  * wicd feature is an issue for system with multiple users
    * shared wifi password, no option to make private

===== Cinnamon DE =====

  * login page (lightdm?) - cannot shutdown/reboot! read [[https://git.devuan.org/devuan-packages/lightdm/issues/2|here]]...
    * found a fix [[https://dev1galaxy.org/viewtopic.php?pid=11114#p11114|here]]
    * i just needed to edit ''/etc/pam.d/lightdm-greeter'' and changed ''pam_systemd.so'' to ''pam_elogind.so'' (but, may cause issues with suspend/hibernate?)
  * laptop battery quickly drain below 30 percent
    * setup higher critical value for power management <code>
gsettings list-keys org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power
gsettings set org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power use-time-for-policy false
gsettings set org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-low 30
gsettings set org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-critical 25
gsettings set org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-action 23
</code>
    * or use ''dconf-editor''

===== PulseAudio =====

Youtube videos keep resetting the volume settings to 100%! The culprit is ''flat-volumes''. Modify ''/etc/pulse/daemon.conf'' and set ''flat-volumes=no''.

===== (Re)-Compiling Syslinux =====

I need to recompile syslinux - just to remind myself, other than the usual development packages (build-essential, etc), I also need ''nasm'' and ''upx-ucl''.
<code>apt install nasm and upx-ucl</code>

===== Unwanted Background Program =====

I found this in my old notes... I somehow found an autostart program ''geoclue-demo-agent.desktop'', which I obviously do not need. So, simply remove that from autostart path <code># rm /etc/xdg/autostart/geoclue-demo-agent.desktop</code>

===== Sound muted on startup on my HP laptop =====

trying two options found... so far, not successful? keeping this here for reference.

  - option 1:
    * install alsa-utils
    * make sure sound is not muted and set to desired volume level
    * run (as root) alsactl store
  - option 2:
    * edit (as root) /etc/pulse/defaults.pa
      * can also copy this to home folder ??? for 1-user solution...
    * comment out 'load-module module-device-restore'

===== General Issues =====

  * wifi firmware missing after first restart
    * manually install ''firmware-ralink''
  * network manager cannot connect using wifi
    * edit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
    * add <code>
[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
</code>

====== Using Wine on Devuan ======

Setup Wine (as root):
  * enable multiarch 
  * install wine and winetricks <code># apt install wine wine32 winetricks</code>
Configure Wine (as user):
  * if required, remove previous settings <code>$ rm -rf $HOME/.wine</code>
  * config for win32 <code>$ WINEARCH=win32 winecfg</code>
  * setup nice fonts <code>$ winetricks corefonts</code>

//Note: Install ''fuseiso'' to enable mounting ISO as user//

===== Game: Red Alert 2 =====

Setup Installer ISO:
  * create link to ISO as CDROM device <code>$ ln -sf /path/to/install.iso $HOME/.wine/dosdevices/d::</code>
  * mount ISO <code>$ fuseiso mount  /path/to/install.iso $HOME/.wine/drive_d</code>
  * create link to mount path as CDROM drive <code>$ ln -sf $HOME/.wine/drive_d $HOME/.wine/dosdevices/d:</code>

Run installer
  * <code>$ wine D:\\Setup.exe</code>

Fixes:
  * menu does not show (solution available at [[https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=252|WineHQ]])
    * download ddraw.dll from https://github.com/CnCNet/ts-ddraw/releases
    * place in RA2 install path
    * run winecfg add that to library (as window native, instead of builtin)

===== Application: LTSpice =====

  * download windows version from ltspice website and run <code>$ wine /download/path/LTspiceXVII.exe</code>

====== Devuan on Raspberry Pi ======

Check out [[http://arm-files.devuan.org/|here]].

===== RasPi400 =====

Using ''rpi-devuan-chimaera-5.10.110-ext4-2022-04-16.zip''

  * boots ok (default hostname=bcm2711)
  * login (root:toor)
  * setup <code># run-setup</code>
  * change hostname (edit /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts)
  * reboot
  * remove default user <code># userdel -r devuan</code>
  * most development stuffs i want are preinstalled! yay!
  * install vim <code># apt install vim</code>
  * remove nano <code># apt remove nano</code>
    * also <code># rm .nanorc</code>
  * install xorg stuffs <code># apt install xorg libx11-dev libxft-dev libxinerama-dev</code>
  * install suckless stuffs <code># apt install stterm suckless-tools</code>
  * create user and login as that user
  * get my1shell and my1ubuild <code>
# git clone https://codeberg.org/azman/my1shell
# git clone https://codeberg.org/azman/my1ubuild
</code>
  * install ''dwm'' from source
  * install browser & font <code># apt install surf fonts-liberation2</code>

//work in progress... 2 issues: {surf cannot validate cert}{reboot hangs}//

//**Note:** Will simply use Raspberry Pi OS for now... //