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FreeBSD Tweaks

Maybe useful to some…

ZeroConf

avahi & multicast dns
```
pkg install -y avahi-app nss_mdns
```
enable avahi daemon in rc.conf:
```
avahi_daemon_enable="YES"
```
modify the hosts: line in nsswitch.conf:
```
hosts: files dns mdns
```

User Account

by default root shell is csh and user is sh - edit .shrc to get prettier prompt
```
  PS1="`whoami`@\H:\w\$ "
```
(IF using slim) to enable x environment after slim login, create ~/.xinitrc for each user:
```
  exec /usr/local/bin/mate-session
```

Git

'git log' output does not show colorized output
- can see the escape sequence
- so, as user, type
```
git config --global core.pager "ls -r"
```

Network Configuration

Note DHCP client is dhclient - simply run dhclient <interface> when booting to console and using something like USB tethering.

Configure (wireless) network interface (in case was not done during installation)

FreeBSD has network interface name - based on the driver name (e.g. sis, re)
- to find this, use pciconf -lv
for normal wired connection (e.g. re0), add to 'rc.conf'
```
ifconfig_re0="DHCP"
```
for a wireless connection (e.g. ath0), add in
```
wlan_ath0="wlan0"
ifconfig_wlan0="DHCP"
```

for a secured wireless connection (e.g. WPA protected), add in

wlan_ath0="wlan0"
  ifconfig_wlan0="WPA SYNCDHCP"

also, append '/ etc/wpa_supplicant.conf'

  network={
      ssid="the_ssid"
      psk="the_psk"
  }

not sure why but wlan0 was not auto-created?
- from official handbook, do ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0
- to start up and scan, do ifconfig wlan0 up scan
- or just scan, do ifconfig wlan0 list scan

Graphics

Driver for ASUS E5450 Graphics Card (based on Radeon 5450?)

install driver
```
pkg install -y xf86-video-ati
```
to load on startup, edit rc.conf:
```
kld_list="radeonkms"
```

For Intel Graphics (Asus H81M-K Motherboard)

install driver
```
pkg install -y xf86-video-intel
```
to load on startup, edit rc.conf:
```
kld_list="i915kms"
```
install something? (for kernel?)
```
pkg install -y drm-kmod
```
- some older ones require drm-fake-kmod instead

Web Server

Web Server (Apache)

find apache package(s)
```
pkg search apache2 | grep -e "^apache2"
```

install apache package(s)

pkg install -y php56 mod_php56 php56-mbstring php56-mcrypt php56-zlib php56-curl php56-gd php56-json

to load on startup, edit rc.conf:
```
apache24_enable="YES"
```
default document path is /usr/local/www/apache24/data/

Server Script (PHP)

find php package(s)
```
pkg search php5 | grep -e "^php5"
```
install php package(s)
```
pkg install -y apache24
```

configure /usr/local/ etc/apache24/Includes/php.conf:

  <IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    <FilesMatch "\.php$">
      SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
    </FilesMatch>
    <FilesMatch "\.phps$">
      SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
    </FilesMatch>
  </IfModule>

copy template configuration file # cp /usr/local/ etc/php .ini-production /usr/local/ etc/php .ini

Data-base (mysql/mariadb)

install package(s)

pkg install mariadb103-server mariadb103-client php56-mysqli

to load on startup, edit rc.conf:
```
mysql_enable="YES"
```
by default, it listens to remote request at port 3306. to check:
```
# lsof -i4 -i6
# sockstat -4 -6
```
to allow local access only, edit rc.conf:
```
mysql_args="--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
```

now, to make sure all is okay:

# lsof -i4 -i6 | grep mysql
# netstat -an | grep 3306
# sockstat -4 -6 | grep 3306

Creating Disk Layout for Bootable USB

Using GPT

freebsd_gpt_disk_layout.txt

creating disk layout (gpt) for freebsd
- assuming disk is da0 (change accordingly for other designation)
 
0- clean existing partitions/slices
 
# gpart destroy -F da0
 
(manual op) 
find total sector count using diskinfo
# diskinfo -v da0
backup/secondary gpt table is at the last 34 sector
# echo '<total> - 34' | bc
<offset>
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 bs=512 seek=<offset>
 
1- create gpt and bios boot scheme
 
# gpart create -s gpt da0
da0 created
# gpart add -t freebsd-boot -l gpboot -b 40 -s 1004K da0
da0p1 added
# gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptboot -i 1 da0
partcode written to da0p1
bootcode written to da0
 
2- create efi partition
 
# gpart add -t efi -l gpefiboot -s 127M da0
da0p2 added
# newfs_msdos /dev/da0p2
...
 
3- copy efi binary
 
# mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0p2 /mnt
# mkdir -p /mnt/EFI/BOOT
# cp /boot/boot1.efi /mnt/EFI/BOOT/
# umount /mnt
 
4- create partition/slice for root and swap
 
# gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -l gprootfs -s 14G da0
da0p3 added
# gpart add -t freebsd-swap -l gpswap da0
da0p4 added
 
5- format/prepare fs for root
 
# newfs -U /dev/da0p3

Using MBR (just in case… :p)

freebsd_mbr_disk_layout.txt

# gpart create -s mbr da0
# gpart bootcode -b /boot/mbr da0
# gpart add -t freebsd da0
# gpart set -a active -i 1 da0
# gpart create -s bsd da0s1
# gpart bootcode -b /boot/boot da0s1

2023/08/29 13:04

Label for Partitions/Slices

This is nice to have in / etc/ fstab when device assignment may change (e.g. usb drive on different machine may be assigned differently)

For ufs,

# tunefs -L <label> /dev/da0p?

To check if assigned,

# ls /dev/ufs

For swap,

# glabel label <label> /dev/da0p?

To check if assigned,

# ls /dev/label

Then, / etc/ fstab entry can be like,

/dev/label/<label>	none	swap	sw	0	0
/dev/ufs/<label>	/		ufs		rw	1	1

Disk Utility ''gpart''

Show partition

# gpart show

Resize partition

# gpart resize -i 3 da0

Not really gpart stuff, but don't forget to grow FS to fit new size

# growfs /dev/da0p3

Access to Linux ExtFS

At the moment, full R/W access for Ext2, Journal-less for Ext3 and R/O for Ext4.

# kldload ext2fs
# mount -t ext2fs /dev/<slice> <mount-path>

Azman @UniMAP

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